The state of Texas has the third-largest Asian American population in the United States, according to the U.S. census, and Chinese people, some whose families arrived more than 150 years ago, make up the largest group.
Chinese Americans trace back for generations in the Lone Star State. Their story may not be as well known as that of their counterparts in California or New York City, but it is just as intertwined with Americas history.
At Rice University, the Houston Asian American Archive, or HAAA, is keeping their stories alive and sharing them with new generations. Launched in 2009, the archive now contains the oral histories of some 500 people in its database, providing a crucial window to the past.
Oral history gives you a sense of immediacy and maybe more informality. And its also unfiltered, said Anne Chao, HAAA co-founder and program manager.
The archive also preserves memorabilia and artifacts from Asian Americans in Houston â a city known for its oil and gas industry. It is also known for space exploration and is home to NASAs Johnson Space Center.
Albert Gee
One Chinese American who found success in 1960s and 70s Houston was Albert Gee, who at the time was considered the unofficial mayor of the Chinese community. Gee appeared with Hollywood celebrities in the society pages of local newspapers and was once invited to the White House of President Richard Nixon.
Born in Detroit, Michigan, in 1920, Gee and his family moved to New Orleans, where they operated a laundry business. When his father died in 1927, Gees mother, who did not speak English, decided to take her children back to their home in China, hoping that her three sons would return one by one to the U.S., which they did.
Albert found himself only around 11 years old, coming back to the United States, said his daughter Linda Wu. He was just working â working and trying to send money back to his mother.
Gee returned to the U.S. with his godfather, whom he lived with for a few years in San Francisco, California. Eventually, with the help of friends and relatives, Gee ended up in Houston.
He eventually opened grocery stores and restaurants, which became a draw for Hollywood celebrities, who would stay at a nearby hotel when in town. Wu has photos of celebrities such as singer Elvis Presley and comedian Bob Hope posing at the restaurants, some next to her father.
Helping newcomers
Wu said her parents saw themselves as Americans but never forget their roots. Her mother, Jane Eng, the child of Chinese immigrants, was born and raised in Texas.
I always remember different people coming to live with us at the grocery store, family members who would start their roots here, she said.
By assisting newcomers, the established Chinese Americans helped fuel the growth of the Gee family surname in Houston. Not all the Gees in Houston were related, however.
Stories about some of the citys Gees can be found in the HAAA database and in the 1998 anthology The Gees in Houston, Texas.
For the Gee family, its been discerned that weve come from about three to four villages in China, said Rogene Gee Calvert, who contributed stories about her father, David Gee â no relation to Albert Gee â to the anthology.
David Gee
David Gee migrated from China to the U.S. in the late 1920s, during the Chinese Exclusion Act, which allowed Chinese merchants, diplomats and students into the country but banned laborers. Gee was 17 when he arrived, but his passport indicated he was four years younger. He was a so-called paper son.
Paper sons and paper daughters are the names given to people who buy false papers, said Casey Dexter-Lee, an educator at Angel Island State Park in San Francisco Bay. Part of the island served as a major immigration station from 1910 to 1940.
Its about $100 for each year of life that the person claims, she said. So a 10-
